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Shark Island Concentration Camp
Shark Island Concentration Camp or "Death Island" (''Konzentrationslager auf der Haifischinsel vor Lüderitzbucht'' ) was a one of the five Namibian concentration camps located on Shark Island off Lüderitz, Namibia. Shark Island lies in the harbour and is connected to the mainland through a small causeway. It was used by the German empire during the Herero and Namaqua genocide of 1904–1908. Between 1,032 and 3000 Herero and Namaqua men, women, and children died in the camp between its opening in 1905 and its closing in April 1907.()()()
By 1904, war broke out between the Herero and the German colonial administration in Namibia. The Herero uprising in northern and central Namibia and the Nama uprising in the south caught the colonists off guard during the periodic initial stages of the war. After six months of fighting and the Battle of Waterberg, the picture changed for the Herero and Nama nations. The Herero and Nama quickly attempted to flee and spread across the Kalahari Desert to escape German patrols. Those who did not reach Botswana either surrendered to the desert or were captured by German patrols and placed into concentration camps. According to the Kuhlman missionary group, 487 Herero prisoners arrived and were ordered to work on the railway between Lüderitz and Kubub. By 1906, the island had a steady inflow of prisoners including the Nama prisoners who on 9 September 1906 had 1,790 arrive. Approximately, 80% of those who arrived on Shark Island never left. Prisoners suffered from minimal food rations, forced labour, uncontrollable diseases, beatings, and even rape. The concentration camp closed by 1907. Today, a caravan park exists where Shark Island once stood. At the entrance of the park are several German monuments honoring the German soldiers who died between 1905 and 1908. The Namibian camps do not have any memorials or monuments.
==Background==
Following the abandonment of Lothar von Trotha's policy of exterminating Herero within the borders of German South-West Africa by denying them access to water holes, the colonial authorities adopted a policy of sweeping the bush clear of Herero – both civilians and rebels – and removing them, either voluntarily or by force, to concentration camps. Shark Island in Lüderitz bay was chosen as a site for a camp due to the difficulty of escape, the nearby presence of large numbers of German soldiers, and the need for labour in the region.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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